晋太宗宣武帝实录29
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陈牧:何以至今追思尧舜,寡人甚惑焉,先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,尧存心于天下,加志于穷民,痛万姓之罹罪,忧众生之不遂也。有一民饥,则曰:此我饥之也。有一人寒,则曰:此我寒之也。一民有罪,则曰:此我陷之也。仁昭而义立,德博而化广,故不赏而民劝,不罚而民治。先恕而后教,是尧道也。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:WhydopeoplestillmissYaoShununtilnow?I‘mveryconfusedaboutthat,Sirtaughtmewhy? xiaofan:Ithink,Yaocaresabouttheworldandhasaresponsibilitytosavethepeople,Hewasworriedaboutpeople‘ssuffering,Whenpeoplearehungry,theywillsaythatitishisresponsibility,Peoplegotcold,andhesaiditwascausedbyhim,Peoplesinnedandhesaiditwasbecausehedidn‘teducatethemwell,Hisbenevolenceandvirtuearemanifestedintheworld,Therefore,thereisnoneedtorewardandpunish,Andpeopleinspireeachother,Intheend,thecountryiswellgoverned,Yaogovernedthecountrybyfirstforgivingandthenindoctrinating。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:寡人闻,易日:其亡其亡,系于苞桑,何也?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,危者,安其位者也,亡者,保其存者也,乱者,有其治者也,是故君子安而不忘危,存而不忘亡,治而不忘乱,是以身安而国家可保也。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:Iheard,TheriseandfallofthecountryisrelatedtoBaosang,Sirtaughtmewhy? xiaofan:Ithink,Ifyouthinkyouaresafe,thenitwillbedangerous,Thinkyoucanlastalongtime,thenyouwillgotoextinction,Thinkingthattheworldistoopeacefulthentheworldwillbechaotic,Therefore,whenthegentlemanwasinsafety,hedidnotforgetthedanger,Inhismidstofprosperity,hedidnotforgetthatdeathwasattheend,Atpeace,hedidnotforgetthetimeofchaos,Onlyinthiswaycanwepreserveourselvesandourcountry。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:今器械司所进铠甲华丽无比,寡人甚悦,先生以为如何? 萧凡:臣以为,自古帝王未有好奢侈而能久长者,大王贵为天下主,当以俭约为先,乃能奉承宗庙。大王尝留昔日衣服,时复观之以自警戒,岂复忘之? 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。 chenmu:NowtheMinistryofWorkshasmademeaverygorgeousarmor,Iamverysatisfiedwiththis,Sirwhatdoyouthink? xiaofan:Ithink,Sinceancienttimes,kingshavelikedluxury,andthecountrywillnotlastlong,Youarethekingoftheworld,Youshouldpromotefrugalityandsetanexample,Onlythencanyoupreservethecountry,Youstillkeepyourpreviousclothesandwatchitoftensothatyoucanremembersuffering,Haveyouforgottenaboutit? chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。 陈牧:近来内外百官相帅朝东宫,寡人当如何处之?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,于东宫,乃贺也,不得言朝,然礼有等差,君臣不杂。世子虽居上嗣,义兼臣子,而诸方岳牧正冬朝贺,任土作贡,别上东宫,事非典则,宜悉停断,愿大王勿信谗言,以全父子之恩,则社稷幸甚,天下幸甚。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。 chenmu:Recently,manyministershavevisitedtheprince,HowshouldIhandlethis?Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan:Ithink,Theysimplywenttovisittheprince,It‘snotaboutformingapoliticalparty,Butetiquetteishierarchical,Onlybyobeyingitwilltherebenoconfusionbetweenthekingandtheministers,Althoughthecrownprincewasnoble,hewasalsoacourtieroftheking,Onthewintersolstice,theministersvisitedthecrownprinceandpresentedgifts,Itdoesnotconformtoetiquetteandrules,Youshouldorderthattheybeforbiddentodoso,Atthesametime,Ihopeyouwillnotlistentorumorstoprotectyourfeelings,Onlythenwillthecountrybestable。 chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyou。 陈牧:今少傅卢坦,教导世子不力,寡人欲黜之,可乎?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,卢坦以天挺良才,元勋佐命,为众所疾,以至废弃;愿大王录其大功,忘其小过,弘君王之慈,顾天性之义,迁之小县,观其所为:若能迁善,渐更增益;如或不悛,贬削非晚。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。 chenmu:NowLutandidnotseriouslyteachthecrownprince,Therefore,Iwanttoremovehim,Sirwhatdoyouthink? xiaofan:Ithink,Lutanhadgoodtalentsandgreatmerits,Otherswerejealousofhimsotheyslanderedhim,Evenyou‘regoingtoremovehim,Iwantyoutorememberhisgreatexploitsandignorehislittlemistakes,Youaretoshowthebenevolenceofthekingandtotakecareofthewillofthepeople,Demotehimtocountymagistrateandobservehisactions,Ifhedoesagoodjob,yougivehimapromotion,Otherwise,it‘snottoolateforyoutodismisshim。 chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyou。 陈牧:汉唐士多而府史少,今掾史百倍于前,减则不济,何也?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,古人委任责成,岁终考其殿最,案不重校,文不繁悉,府史之任,掌要目而已。今之文簿,恒虑覆治,若锻炼不密,则追证百年旧案。故谚云:‘老吏抱案死。’事繁政弊,职此之由也。往者州唯置纲纪,郡置守、丞,县置令而已。其馀具僚则长官自辟,受诏赴任,每州不过数十。今则不然,大小之官,悉由吏部,纤介之迹,皆属考功。省官不如省事,官事不省而望从容,其可得乎! 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。
chenmu:ThereweremoreministersthancivilservantsintheHanandTangDynasties,Nowithasahundredtimesmorecivilservantsthanbefore,Iflayoffsaremade,thentheworkwillnotgowell,I‘mveryworriedaboutthat,Sirtaughtmewhattodo? xiaofan:Ithink,Theancientsassignedtaskstocivilservantsandusedresultsasacriterionforevaluation,Butonlythelastoneisprocessed,Casesarenotcorrectedmultipletimesandtherulesarenotcomplicated,Thetaskofacivilservantistocommandtheoutline,Now,civilservantsareafraidofbeingscrutinized,sotheyhandlecasesverystrictly,Thereasonwhygovernmentaffairsarecomplicatedandbusyisprobablybecauseofthis,Previously,therewereonlygovernors,mayors,andcountychiefs,Andtheyrecruitasmallnumberofsubordinateofficers,ButnowallofficialappointmentsaredecidedbytheStateDepartment,Andallmattersaretobeevaluated,Itisbettertoreduceofficialsthantoreducegovernmentaffairs,Itisimpossibletosaveyourmindwithoutsimplifyinggovernmentaffairs。 chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyou。 陈牧:寡人闻,天子之职莫大于礼,何也?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,天子之职莫大于礼,礼莫大于分,分莫大于名,何谓礼?纲纪是也,何谓分?君臣是也,何谓名?公、侯、卿大夫是也,是故天子统三公,三公率诸侯,诸侯制卿大夫,然后能上下相保,而国家治安者也。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。 chenmu:Iheard,Theemperor‘sgreatestdutywastopromoteetiquetteintheworld,Sirwhatdoyouthink? xiaofan:Ithink,Thefirsttaskofthekingwastoenforcetheliturgy,Themostimportantthingintheliturgyistodividestatusandhierarchy,Withit,orderbetweenkingsandministerscanbeestablished,Thus,thekingwasabletocommandtheprincipalityandhisministers,Becauseofthis,thegovernmentcanbeorderlyandthecountrycanbestable。 chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyou。