晋太宗宣武帝实录26
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陈牧：今访隐士而不至，何也？岂吾德之薄而不足慕乎？政之乱而不可辅乎？群小在朝而不敢进乎？何贤者之不我从也？寡人甚惑焉，先生何以教我？ 萧凡：臣以为，古之君子，邦有道则仕，邦无道则隐。隐非君子之所欲也。人莫己知而道不得行，群邪共处而害将及身，故深藏以避之。王者举逸民，扬仄陋，固为其有益于国家，非以徇世俗之耳目也。是故有道德足以尊主，智能足以庇民，被褐怀玉，深藏不市，则王者当尽礼以致之，屈体以下之，虚心以访之，克己以从之，然后能利泽施于四表，功烈格于上下。盖取其道不取其人，务其实不务其名也，大王当务厚道德，勤修政治，进善黜恶，秉至诚之心，安有勤求而不至者哉！ 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。 chenmu：Iwantedtorecruithermitsbuttheydidn‘tcome，Isitnotenoughtoimpressthemwithmyvirtues？Isitbecauseofthepoliticalchaosthattheydon‘twanttohelpme？Isitbecausetherearetoomanytraitorsthattheydarenotcome？I‘mconfusedaboutthat，Sirtaughtmewhy？ xiaofan：Ithink，Theformergentlemenwouldhaveappearedifthecountry‘spoliticswereclear，Ifthecountryisinchaosthentheywillhide，Theydon‘twanttodothateither，Butnooneunderstandsthemandtaketheiropinionsintoaccount，Andtheirlivesareoftenthreatened，Sotheychosetoescape，Thekingaskedthehermittocomeoutandguidehimselfforthebenefitofthecountry，Andnottosatisfythegazeofordinarypeople，Theirvirtuesmadethekingnoble，Theirtalentscanbenefitthepeople，Buttheygenerallydon‘tcomeout，Therefore，thekinginvitedhimoutwiththehighestcourtesy，Andaccepttheirteachingswithalowprofile，Thenthekingdidthingsaccordingtothehermit‘sadvice，Itisonlybecauseofthisthatkingcanbenefittheworldandbuildgreatfeats，Thekingdidthistobenefitthenation，Therefore，youwanttoimproveyourvirtues，Anddiligentlyhandlegovernmentaffairs，Rewardthegoodandpunishthewicked，Andinvitethemwithsincerity，Inthisway，itisimpossibleforthemnottoappear。 chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。 陈牧：寡人闻，以约失之者鲜矣，何也？先生教我。 萧凡：臣以为，尧、舜之居，土阶三等，夏日衣葛，冬日鹿裘；禹卑宫室，而菲饮食。此数帝者，非其情之不好，乃节俭之至也。故其所取民赋也薄，而使民力也寡；其育物也广，而兴利也厚。故家给人足，国积饶而群生遂，仁义兴而四海安，盖如是也。 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。 chenmu：I‘veheardthatveryfewpeoplefailbecausetheyarefrugal，Sirtaughtmewhy？ xiaofan：Ithink，Theholykinglived，dressed，andate，allverysimple，It‘snotthattheydon‘tlikeluxury，it‘sthatthey‘refrugal，thetaxestheysetarelow，Theydidn‘toveruselabor，Therefore，theynurtureawiderangeofthingsandbenefitthem，Therefore，thepeoplearestable，thecountryisrich，andtheworldisharmonious，Thisisthereasonwhytheypracticebenevolenceandfrugality。 chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧：寡人愿闻，何谓七教？先生教我。 萧凡：臣以为，上敬老，则下益孝；上尊齿，则下益悌；上乐施，则下益宽；上亲贤，则下择友；上好德，则下无隐；上恶贪，则下耻争；上廉让，则下知节。此之谓七教也。七教者，治民之本也。政教定，则本正矣。凡上者，民之表也，表正则何物不正！ 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。 chenmu：Iwouldliketoknowthesevencanonsgoverningthecountry，Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan：Ithink，Thekinghonorstheoldman，thenthepeoplefollowthefilialpietytotheoldman，Thekingrespectstheelders，thenthepeoplewillrespecttheelders，Ifthekinggivesfavor，thenthepeoplewillbecometolerant，Whenthekingisclosetothewise，thenpeoplewillmakefriendscarefully，Kingsreverevirtuethenpeopledonotdobadthings，Ifthekinghatescorruption，thenthepeoplewillbeashamedofcorruption，Thekingexaltshumility，andthenpeoplewillfollowit，Thesearethesevencanonsforgoverningthecountry，Iftheseorderscanbeimplemented，thensocietywillbecomestableandharmonious，Kingsaretherolemodelsforpeople，Aslongasthekingdoesagoodjob，theneverythingwillbegood。 chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。 陈牧：今科条品制，四时禁令，悉备矣，然而天犹有不平之效，民犹有咨嗟之怨者，何也？先生教我。 萧凡：臣以为，此乃百姓屡闻恩泽之声，而未见惠和之实也。古之足民者，非能家赡而人足之，量其财用，为之制度。故嫁娶之礼俭，则婚者以时矣；丧制之礼约，则终者掩藏矣；不夺其时，则农夫利矣，愿大王察之。 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。 chenmu：Nowthelawsandtheshariaareverycomplete，butthereareunfairthingsintheworldandpeoplecomplainalot，Sirtaughtmewhy？ xiaofan：Ithinkit‘sbecausepeopleonlyheartheedictbutdon‘tseeitimplemented，Thepeopleofthepastdidnotcomplain，notthattheyweresorichbutthatthekinghandledgovernmentaffairsfairlyandreasonably，Theweddingissimpleandthenitcanbecompletedontime，Thefuneralissimplethenitcanbeburiedontime，Withoutinterferingwithagriculturaltime，thenfarmerscanbenefitfromon-timeproduction，Ihopeyoucanlearnfromit。 chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。 陈牧：弘农太守张扬，法当坐死，然牵连甚众，寡人当如何处之？先生教我。 萧凡：臣以为，其本当死，然恐多侵枉，春秋之义，责在元帅，罪止首恶。大狱一起，无辜者众，死囚久系，纤微成大，非所以顺迎和气，平政成化也。宜早讫章，以止逮捕之烦。 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。 chenmu：HongnongMayorZhangYangwastobeexecutedforbreakingthelaw，Butit‘sconnectedtoalotofpeople，HowshouldIdealwithit？Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan：Ithink，Hereallydeservedtobeexecuted，ButIamafraidthatinnocentpeoplewillbewronged，Accordingtotheprevioustreatmentplan，themaincharactersshouldbepunished，Ifyoupunishthemtogether，youwillinevitablyendangerinnocentpeople，Ifthesituationexpands，itisnotconducivetosocialstability，Youhavetomakeadecisionearlysoasnottohurttheinnocent。 chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。 陈牧：寡人欲封上官胤为颍阳侯，可乎？先生以为如何？ 萧凡：臣以为，古之明君，皆以用贤、赏罚为务。失国之主，其朝岂无贞干之臣，典诰之篇哉？患得贤不用其谋，韬书不施其教，闻善不信其义，听谗不审其理也。大王所为，天人属目，不急忠贤之礼而先左右之封，上官外戚，并无功勋可录，而裂土封侯，其为乖滥，胡可胜言！夫有功不赏，为善失其望；jian回不诘，为恶肆其凶。故陈资斧而人靡畏，班爵位而物无劝。苟遂斯道，岂伊伤政为乱而已，丧身亡国，可不慎哉！ 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。 chenmu：IwanttomakeShangguanYinastheMarquisofYingchuan，Sirwhatdoyouthink？ xiaofan：Ithink，Theancientsaintkingsregardedtheappointmentofsagesandrewardsandpunishmentsastheirmaingovernmentaffairs，Faintkingsalsohaveloyalsubjectsandbooksongoverningthecountry，Buttheircountryeventuallyperished，That‘sbecausetheydon‘tlistentotheadviceofthesages，AlthoughtheyreadtheHolyKingbooks，theydidnotimplementit，Andbelieveinvillainsinsteadofgentlemen，Whatyouaredoingnow，everyoneintheworldiswatching，Youdonotvalueloyalistsandsagesbutrewardattendants，ItisinappropriateforShangguanYintobemadeamarquiswithoutgreatmerit，Ifthosewhohavemeritarenotrewarded，thenpeoplewillbedisappointed，Iftheadultererisnotpunished，thentheywillbeevenmorearrogant，Ifrewardsandpunishmentsfailtofollowtherulesthenthestatewillfallintochaos，Itcanevenleadtothedemiseofthestate，Howcanyounotbeafraidofit？ chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。