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晋太宗宣武帝实录21

    陈牧:寡人欲知,国之存亡所系何哉?先生教我。

    萧凡:臣以为,国之所以存者,得道也;所以亡者,理塞也。故得生道者,虽小必大;有亡征者,虽成必败。国之亡也,大不足恃;道之行也,小不可轻。故存在得道,不在于小;亡在失道,不在于大。故乱国之主,务于广地,而不务于仁义;务于高位,而不务于道德。是舍其所以存,而造其所以亡也。

    陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

    chenmu:Iwanttoknowwhatmattersabouttheriseandfallofanation,Sirtaughtme。

    xiaofan:Ithink,Thenationthrivesbecauseitupholdsjustice,Thereasonwhythecountryisgoingtoperishisbecauseitisnolongerjust,Insistonjustice,evenifthecountryissmall,itwillbecomestrong,Withoutupholdingjustice,evenifthecountryisstrong,itwilldecline,Theriseandfallofacountrydoesnotdependonitssize,butwhetheritupholdsjustice,Thefaintingkingwasbusyexpandinghisterritoryratherthanpromotingbenevolence,Theyarebusyfightingforpowerinsteadofcultivatingtheirvirtues,Theygaveupjusticeandchosedeath。

    chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

    陈牧:太祖吏政尚严切,尚书决事,率近于重,吾欲革之,然孝子不改父之道,寡人当如何处之,先生教我。

    萧凡:臣以为,先王之政,赏不僣,刑不滥。与其不得已,宁僣无滥。往者断狱严明,所以威惩jian佞,时势然也,jian佞既平,必宜济之以宽。大王即位,率由此义,而有司未悉奉承,犹尚深刻。夫为政犹张琴瑟,大弦急者小弦绝。大王宜隆先王之道,荡涤烦苛之法,轻薄棰楚以济群生,全广至德以奉天心,苟利于民,何不革之,显荣祖宗,此乃大孝也。

    陈牧:先生之言甚善,寡人谨受教。

    chenmu:Thefirstemperorruledthecountryverystrictly,Theministeralsohandledgovernmentaffairsharshly,Iwanttochangethissituation,butIamafraidthatitisnotfilialpiety,WhatamIgoingtodo?Sirtaughtme。

    xiaofan:Ithink,TheHolyKinggovernsthecountry,anddoesnotindiscriminatelyrewardorpunish,Itisbettertochoosearewardthantopunishindiscriminately,Previously,thelawwasharshbecauseitpunishedevil,Nowthattheworldhassettleddown,thelawshouldbeslightlymorerelaxed,Sinceyoubecameking,youhaveaskedforthis,Buttheministerdidnotdowhatyouaskedfor,anditwasstillharsh,Governingacountryislikeplayingthestrings,Ifthestringsaretootightandurgent,itwillbreak,YoushouldfollowtheexampleoftheHolyKingingoverningthecountry,

    Adjustharshlawsandreducepenaltiestomakepeoplecomfortable,Itisnecessarytocomplywiththewillofthepeople,Ifitisgoodforthepeople,whycan‘titbechanged?Itisgreatfilialpietytomaketheancestorsreceiverespectandremembrance。

    chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

    陈牧:今朴政守孤城,力竭而退,寡人当如何处之?先生教我。

    萧凡:臣以为,其以单兵守孤城,当契丹万余之众,连月逾年,心力困尽,凿山为井,煮靴为粮,前后杀伤北蛮数以千计,卒全忠勇,不为大晋耻,且契丹亦退,宜蒙显爵,以厉将帅。

    陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

    chenmu:NowPiaozhengdefendedtheisolatedcity,andeventuallyretreatedbecauseoflackofstrength,HowshouldIhandlethis?Sirtaughtme。

    xiaofan:Ithink,Hedefendedthecitywithveryfewtroopsandresistedmorethan10,000Khitansoldiersformorethanayear,Theyusedupalltheirenergyandstrengthandkilledthousandsofenemiesintheabsenceofwaterandfood,Hisloyaltyandbraverydidnotinsultthecountry,Moreover,theKhitanalsoretreated,Youshouldgivehimapromotiontomotivatethewholearmy。

    chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

    陈牧:寡人以俭治天下,然奢侈成风,何也?先生教我。

    萧凡:臣以为,改政移风,必有其本。吴王好剑客,百姓多疮痍;楚王好细腰,宫中多饿死。斯言如戏,有切事实。愿大王罢服官,去不急,省奢侈,百姓从行不从言也,如此,则四海诵德,声薰天地,神明可通也。

    陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。

    chenmu:Igovernthecountryinafrugalway,butthesocialmoresisextravagant,Sirtaughtmewhy?

    xiaofan:Ithink,Ifyouwanttochangethissituation,youmustdealwithitfromthesource,Thekinglikedswordsmensomanypeoplewereinjuredbylearningswords,Thekinglikesskinnybeautiessomanywomeninthepalacestarvetodeathbecauseofweightloss,Althoughthisisaproverb,itisatruething,Ihopeyoucancutdownonsomeoftheunimportantinstitutionsandlivefrugally,Thepeoplefollowedthedeedsnotwords,Onlyinthiswaywilltheworldbeinspiredbyyouandbecomebetter。

    chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

    陈牧:宦官夏桀触犯有司,寡人当如何处之,先生教我。

    萧凡:臣以为,内侍之罪,莫大于欺罔,是以明君疾之。今夏桀所为,何异指鹿为马,然卒不能罪之,则jian臣安所惩哉!大王不见赵高乎!人主之于臣下,患在不知其jian,苟或知之而复赦之,则不若不知之为愈也。何以言之?彼或为jian而上不之知,犹有所畏;既知而不能讨,彼知其不足畏也,则放纵而无所顾矣!是故知善而不能用,知恶而不能去,人主之深戒也,望大王察之。

    陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣,当为卿付之大理寺,以正典刑。

    chenmu:TheeunuchXiaJiebrokethelaw,WhatshouldIdoaboutit?Sirtaughtme。

    xiaofan:Ithink,Thegreatestcrimeoftheattendantsisdeception,Thereforethekinghatedsuchthingsverymuch,NowwhatXiaJiedidwastodescribethehorseasadeer,Ifhecouldnotbepunished,thenthetraitorswouldnotrelent,ZhaoGaooftheQinStatewaslikethis,Theking‘stroublewasthathedidnotknowwhothetraitorswere,Ifyouknowwhothetraitorisbutforgivehim,thenitisbetternottoknow,thantiswhy?Youdon‘tknowthatheisatraitorandhestillhasfearinhisheart,Youknowbutyoucan‘tpunishhimthenhewon‘tbeafraid,Knowthegoodpeople,butyoucan‘tappointthem,Knowthewicked,butyoucan‘tpunishthem,Thisisaverydeepwarningfromtheking,Ihopeyoudon‘tmakethesamemistake。

    chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong,Iwilltakehimtocourt。

    陈牧:今有人诽谤吾先君,寡人欲罪之,可乎?先生以为如何?

    萧凡:臣以为,凡言诽谤者,谓实无此事而虚加诬之也。至如太祖皇帝,政之美恶,显在晋史,坦如日月,是为直书实事,非虚谤也。夫王者,为善为恶,天下莫不知之,假使所非实是,则固应悛改,傥其不当,亦宜含容,又何罪焉!大王不推原大数,深自为计,徒肆私忌以快其意,自今以后,苟见不可之事,终莫复言者矣。齐桓公亲扬其先君之恶以唱管仲,然后群臣得尽其心,今大王乃欲为太祖远讳实事,岂不与桓公异哉!非王者所为也!

    陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。

    chenmu:NowsomeoneslanderedmyfatherandIwantedtopunishhim,Sirwhatdoyouthink?

    xiaofan:Ithink,TheRumorsarethatthereisnosuchthing,butsomepeopleslanderit,Theachievementsofthepreviouskingsarewritteninthehistorybooks,Itisveryclearandtruewithouttheneedforotherstoslander,Whetherthekingdoesgoodorbadthingscanbeseenbyeveryoneintheworld,Ifsomeonepointssomethingwrongthenyoushouldcorrectit,Evenifwhattheysayisnotappropriate,youshouldtoleratetheminsteadofpunishment,Youdon‘tthinkabouttheoriginofthings,butonlythinkaboutyourownmoodandanger,Thentherewillbenoonetocorrectyourmistakesanymore,ThepreviousKingofQiallowedotherstopointoutthemistakesoftheirancestors,Sotheministersworkedveryhardtohelphimgovernthecountry,YourapproachisnotasgoodasthatofKingQi,Thisisnotwhatakingshoulddo。

    chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。