晋太宗宣武帝实录12
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陈牧:以今日之功业,今日之政绩,寡人不愧前古也,先生以为如何? 萧凡:臣以为,大王君临之初,无为无欲,清净之化,远被遐荒,考之于今,其风渐坠,大王君临之初,视人如伤,恤其勤劳,爱民犹子,每存简约,无所营为,顷年以来,意在奢纵,大王君临之初,损己利物,至于今日,纵欲以劳人,卑俭之迹岁改,骄奢之情日异,大王君临之初,砥砺名节,不私于物,惟善是与,亲爱君子,疏斥小人,今则不然,亲近小人,疏远君子,大王君临之初,动尊尧、舜,捐金抵璧,返朴还淳,顷年以来,好尚奇异,无时能止,大王君临之初,求贤如渴,善人所举,信而任之,取其所长,恒恐不及,近岁以来,由心好恶,多怒善疑,大王君临之初,孜孜不怠,屈己从人,恒若不足,顷年以来,微有矜放,恃功业之大,意蔑前王,负圣智之明,心轻当代。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。 chenmu:Mypresentmeritsandachievementsarenoworsethanthoseofthepreviouskings,Sirthoughtso? xiaofan:Ithink,Inthepast,youdidn‘tlikeluxury,policywasbrief,andyoupracticedbenevolence,Nowit‘snotasgoodasitusedtobe,Inthepast,youlovedthepeoplelikeason,advocatedfrugality,andrarelystartedbigprojects,Nowit‘snotasgoodasitusedtobe,Inthepast,youwereveryhumbleandjust,andyoulikedthewiseandhatedtheadulterers,Nowit‘snotasgoodasitusedtobe,Inthepast,youwereverygenerousandtolerant,andwereabletolistentootherpeople‘sopinions,Nowit‘snotasgoodasitusedtobe,Inrecentyears,youhavebecomeconceitedforgreatfeats,Youlookdownonthekingsofthepastandthesagesofthisagebecauseofyouringenuity。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。 陈牧:打天下不易,守天下更难,寡人甚然之,先生以为如何? 萧凡:臣以为,秦始皇初平六国,据有四海,及其末年不能善守,实可为诫,战胜易,守胜难,愿大王深思远虑,安不忘危,功业既彰,德教复洽,恒以此为政,宗社无由倾败也。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:Itisnoteasytofighttheworld,anditisevenmoredifficulttodefendtheworld,Iverymuchagreewiththat,Sirthoughtso? xiaofan:Ithink,QinShiHuangpacifiedtheSixKingdomstounifytheworld,Butintheend,itwasapitythathedidnotholditwell,Itisnoteasytostartabusiness,anditisevenmoredifficulttokeepthefoundation,Ihopethatyoumustbefar-sightedandneverforgetthedanger,Onlyinthiswaywillthefoundationoftheworldbestable。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:寡人闻仁者无敌,何谓仁者?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,仁者,盖推己以及人也,故己所不欲,勿施于人,推己所欲,以及天下,推己孝心于父母,以及天下,则天下之为人子者,不失其事亲之道矣,推己心有乐于妻儿,以及天下,则天下之为人父者,不失其室家之欢矣,推己之不忍于饥寒,以及天下之心,含生无冻馁之忧矣,故贤者云,吾欲仁,而仁者至也。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。 chenmu:I‘veheardthatpracticingbenevolenceisinvincible,Sirtaughtmewhatitwas? xiaofan:Ithinkbenevolenceisaboutextendingitfromoneselftoothers,Filialpietytoone‘sparentsoneselfandspreadtoothers,theywillfollowsuit,Loveyourownfamilyandspreadittoothers,andtheywillfollowsuit,Whenyouarehungry,youmustalsothinkthatothersarealsohungry,Aslongasyouwanttopracticebenevolence,thenyouwillbeabenevolentperson。 chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:今世子大婚,寡人甚悦,然何谓婚礼?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,婚礼者,将合二姓之好,上以事宗庙,而下以继后世也,故敬慎重正婚礼也,敬慎重正而后亲之,礼之大体,而所以成男女之别,而立夫妇之义也,男女有别,而后夫妇有义,夫妇有义,而后父子有亲,父子有亲,而后君臣有正,故日:婚礼者,礼之本也。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:Nowthecrownprinceismarried,I‘mveryhappy,butwhatisawedding?Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan:Ithinkaweddingisaunionoftwofamilies,Inheritancestorsanddescendants,Sotheweddingisaveryseriousandsolemnthing,Weddingsareanimportantpartoftheliturgy,Afterthewedding,therewasacouple,Thentherewasthefatherandson,Withthislayerofbondage,Anorderwasestablishedbetweenthekingandtheministers。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:寡人闻儒者有浩然之气。敢问先生,何为儒者? 萧凡:臣以为,儒者,以忠信为甲胄,以礼义为干橹,戴仁而行,抱义而处,虽有暴政,不更其志,其自立有如此者,可为儒者。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:IhaveheardthatConfucianshavegreatrighteousness,SirtaughtmewhataConfucianis? xiaofan:Ithink,Confucianstakefaithfulnessastheirarmor,Andusebenevolenceasaweapon,Theyarebenevolentandrighteousintheirdealingswiththeworld,Evenintimesofchaos,theydonotchangetheirambitions,SuchapersoncanbecalledaConfucian。
chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:三代之政,以何为先?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,三代之得天下也,以仁,其失天下也,以不仁,国家之所以废兴存亡者亦然,天子不仁,不保四海,诸侯不仁,不保社稷,卿大夫不仁,不保宗庙,士庶人不仁,不保四体,今恶死亡而乐不仁,犹恶醉而强酒也。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:WhatIneedtodoifIwantthecountrytobeinlong-termpeaceandstability?Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan:Ithink,Historically,theworldhasbeenwonwithbenevolenceandrighteousness,Andlosetheworldwithunkindness,Theriseandfallofnationsisprobablylikethis,Iftheemperorisnotbenevolent,thenhecannotprotecttheworld,Ifthekingisnotrighteous,thenhecannotprotectthecountry,Iftheministerisnotbenevolent,thenthefamilycannotbeprotected,Ifordinarypeoplearenotbenevolent,thentheycannotprotectthemselves,Nowheisafraidofdeath,buthedoesunkindthings,It‘slikehatingtodrinkbutforcingit。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:寡人欲知,何为有道之君?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,有道之君,外无怨仇于邻敌,而内有德泽于人民。夫外无怨仇于邻敌者,其遇诸侯也外有礼义。内有德泽于人民者,其治人事也务本。遇诸侯有礼义,则役希起;治民事务本,则yin奢止,愿大王察之。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:Iwanttoknowwhatasaintlykingis?Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan:Ithink,TheHolyKingwasatpeacewithhisneighbors,Andhegavefavorstothepeople,Hehadnohatredwithhisneighborsbecausehetreatedthemwithcourtesy,Thereasonhegivesfavorstothepeopleisthatthepeoplearethefoundationofthecountry,Treatneighborswithcourtesy,thentherewillbeverylittlewar,Governingthecountryisbasedonthepeople,thenthesocialatmospherewillnotbeluxurious,Ihopeyoucanlearnfromit。 chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。